Mbiri ya makina a pepala la silinda

Makina a pepala amtundu wa Fourdrinier adapangidwa ndi munthu waku France Nicholas Louis Robert mu 1799, nthawi yochepa kuchokera pamene munthu waku England Joseph Bramah adapanga makina a silinda mu 1805, adayamba kupereka lingaliro ndi chithunzi cha pepala la silinda mu patent yake, koma patent ya Bramah sinakwaniritsidwe. Mu 1807, munthu waku America dzina lake Charles Kinsey adaperekanso lingaliro la pepala la silinda ndipo adapeza patent, komanso lingaliro ili silinagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mu 1809, munthu waku England dzina lake John Dickinson adapereka lingaliro la kapangidwe ka makina a silinda ndipo adapeza patent, mu chaka chomwecho, makina oyamba a silinda adapangidwa ndikuyikidwa mu fakitole yake ya pepala. Makina a silinda a Dickinson ndi njira yoyambira komanso yoyambira ya silinda yamakono, amaonedwa ngati woyambitsa weniweni wa makina a silinda ndi ofufuza ambiri.
Makina opangidwa ndi silinda amatha kupanga mitundu yonse ya mapepala, kuyambira ku ofesi yopyapyala ndi mapepala apakhomo mpaka bolodi lolimba la mapepala, ali ndi ubwino wa kapangidwe kosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, malo ochepa oyikamo komanso ndalama zochepa etc. Ngakhale liwiro logwiritsa ntchito makina lili kutali kwambiri ndi makina opangidwa ndi mitundu ya fourdrinier ndi makina opangidwa ndi waya wambiri, akadali ndi malo ake mumakampani opanga mapepala amasiku ano.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka gawo la silinda ndi gawo la choumitsira, kuchuluka kwa ma silinda ndi zoumitsira, makina osindikizira a silinda amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: makina osindikizira a silinda imodzi, makina osindikizira a silinda imodzi, makina osindikizira a silinda imodzi, makina osindikizira a silinda imodzi ndi makina osindikizira a silinda yambiri. Pakati pawo, makina osindikizira a silinda imodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala opyapyala a mbali imodzi monga mapepala a positi ndi mapepala apakhomo ndi zina zotero. Makina osindikizira a silinda imodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala osindikizira apakatikati, mapepala olemba, mapepala okutira ndi mapepala oyambira okhala ndi corrugated etc. Mapepala okhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu, monga makatoni oyera ndi bolodi la bokosi nthawi zambiri amasankha makina osindikizira a silinda ambiri.