Nsalu yowumitsira yozungulira ndi maukonde osinthasintha opangidwa ndifilament imodzi ya polyester (PET)imagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha mu gawo la zoumitsira la makina a mapepala. Mosiyana ndi kapangidwe ka nsalu zoumitsira zolukidwa bwino, zimapangidwa ndi ma monofilaments ozungulira mozungulira ndikuzilumikiza popanda ulusi wa weft. Ndi chisankho chachikulu popanga mapepala apamwamba mwachangu. Nkhaniyi ikupereka kusanthula kolondola kuchokera ku makhalidwe, kapangidwe, magwiridwe antchito, ndi ntchito zake.

1. Tanthauzo Lalikulu & Katundu wa Zinthu

Nsalu yowumitsira yozungulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kokhamonofilament ya polyester yokhuthala kwambiri (PET)(palibe ulusi wosalala). Zipangizo zapadera zimakoka monofilaments kukhala ma loops ozungulira osalekeza, omwe kenako amatsekedwa ndi ma loops oyandikana ndi waya wokhoma (waya wolumikizira) kuti apange lamba wopanda malire. Mabaibulo ena apamwamba amagwiritsa ntchitomonofilament ya polyester yokhazikika ndi madzikuti ipirire kutentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri m'gawo lowumitsira.

Ubwino waukulu wa zinthu: kutentha kwa ntchito 120–190 °C, kukana asidi ndi alkali, kuletsa kukalamba, kutalikitsa pang'ono, kukula kokhazikika panthawi yogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

2. Kapangidwe ka Makiyi & Kugawa

Nsalu yowumitsira yozungulira imakhala ndiulusi wozungulira(thupi lalikulu, limazindikira kutsegula ndi kulowetsa mpweya) ndimawaya a msoko/cholumikizira(kulumikizana, kumatsimikiza mphamvu ndi kusinthasintha). Sili ndi kapangidwe kake ndipo lagawidwa motere:

1. Pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wozungulira
   • Nsalu yozungulira yozungulira: yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yolola mpweya kulowa, komanso yolimba pang'ono.
   • Nsalu yozungulira yooneka ngati ulusi (monga oval): malo ocheperako okhala ndi pepala, zizindikiro zopepuka, zoyenera mapepala apamwamba, mapepala okhala ndi zokutira.
2. Ndi mtundu wa waya wa msoko
   • Waya umodzi wosokera: mtundu wamba, kusinthasintha kwabwino, kufunikira kotsika kwa mphamvu, koyenera kuthamanga kwapakati-kwapamwamba.
   • Waya wokhoma kawiri: mtundu wolimbikitsidwa, mphamvu yapamwamba, kusintha kochepa, koyenera kuthamanga kwambiri (>1200 m/min).
3. Ndi mtundu wa cholumikiziraPalibe zolumikizira zamakina zachikhalidwe; zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchitokulumikizana kwa kuzungulira kozungulira(yosalala, yopanda masitepe), lamba wopanda malire wopangidwa mwamakonda kuti uikidwe mwachindunji.
4. Ndi mpweya wolowera
   • Yotsika: <300 m³/(m²·h) ya pepala lopyapyala pa kutentha kochepa kouma.
   • Pakati: 300–800 m³/(m²·h) kuti mugwiritse ntchito nthawi zonse.
   • Kutalika: >800 m³/(m²·h) kuti madzi achotsedwe mwachangu pa maukonde okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri.

3. Ubwino Wapakati (poyerekeza ndi Nsalu Youmitsira Yolukidwa Mwathyathyathya)

1. Kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kuthamanga bwinoPopanda ulusi wopindika, nsaluyo imatha kupindika momasuka. Cholumikiziracho sichikhala ndi mpata komanso sichimapita patsogolo, ndipo chimakhala ndi kugwedezeka kochepa komanso phokoso ngakhale pa liwiro lalikulu (>800 m/min), kupewa kukanda ndi maukonde olemera.
2. Mpweya wosinthika kwambiriKulowa kwa mpweya kumatha kulamulidwa bwino posintha kukula kwa ulusi ndi kupindika kozungulira, kuyambira 100 mpaka 1500 m³/(m²·h), komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zouma.
3. Ubwino wa pamwamba pa pepalaPalibe mfundo zolumikizana; kukhudzana ndi pepala kumakhala kolunjika osati kolumikizana ndi mfundo. Kuphatikiza ndi ulusi wooneka ngati ulusi,zizindikiro za maukonde ndi zopindikandi ochepa, abwino kwambiri pa mapepala achikhalidwe apamwamba, mapepala okhala ndi zokutira, ndi zina zotero.
4. Kukonza kosavuta kwapafupi, kutayika kochepaKapangidwe kake kozungulira kolumikizidwa kamalola kusintha pang'ono ulusi wosweka kapena mawaya a msoko popanda kusintha nsalu yonse, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zokonzera.
5. Zosinthika ku makina owumitsira apaderaKapangidwe kosinthasintha kamagwirizanazowumitsira zopindika, zowumitsira zoyandama mpweyandi zida zina zowumitsira zomwe si zachizolowezi, zomwe nsalu zolukidwa mwala sizingagwirizane nazo chifukwa cha kuuma kwake.

4. Zoletsa Zazikulu

1. Kulimba kochepa, kosavuta kuthamanga pakati kapena makwinyaPopanda kuletsa weft, kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe ake kumakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi nsalu zolukidwa mwathyathyathya. Zimafunika kulondola kwambirikulamulira kupsinjika, mizere yotsogolera ndi machitidwe otsogolera pa intanetiKupanda kutero, imayendayenda mosavuta, imakwinya kapena imagwa.
2. Mtengo wokwera wogulira ndi kukonzaKupanga zinthu zovuta komanso kufunikira kwa zinthu zambiri kumapangitsa kutiMtengo wokwera ndi 30%–50%kuposa nsalu zolukidwa bwino zomwe zimalowa m'malo ofanana. Zimafunikanso kutsukidwa nthawi zonse.
3. Kukana kotsika kwambiri kwa kuvalaPopanda malo othandizira ogwirizana, kuwonongeka kwa malo kungachepe kwambiri m'malo ouma kapena oipitsidwa.
4. Yopapatiza ntchito zosiyanasiyanaSikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala olemera (monga mapepala ozungulira, bolodi la liner, kulemera kwa >200 g), chifukwa nsaluyo imatha kusokonekera ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ingogwiritsa ntchito mapepala opyapyala ndi mapepala apadera okha.
5. Kulamulira mwamphamvu kupsinjikaZimafuna kulimba kokhazikika komanso kofanana; kulimba kwambiri kumaswa mawaya a msoko, kulimba kosakwanira kumapangitsa kuti zigwe.

5. Zizindikiro Zofunikira Zogwirira Ntchito

1. Kulowa kwa mpweya: core index, m³/(m²·h).
2. M'mimba mwake wa waya wozungulira ndi wokhoma: imatsimikiza mphamvu ndi kukana kuvala.
3. Mphamvu yosweka: wopindika (wozungulira) ndi weft (waya wokhoma), N/5 cm.
4. Kutalikirana panthawi yopuma: ≤3% yomwe imakonda.
5. Kusalala: ≤0.5 mm/m kuti ziume mofanana.

6. Mapulogalamu Odziwika

Nsalu yowumitsira yozungulira yapangidwirapepala lopyapyala lapakati mpaka lapamwamba kwambiri komanso lapamwamba kwambiri:

1. Pepala lachikhalidwe lapamwamba kwambiri: pepala losasinthika, pepala lolembera, pepala lokopera (800–1200 m/mphindi, kufunikira ma marks ochepa).
2. Pepala lopyapyala lapadera: pepala lopakidwa utoto, pepala lopakidwa utoto wopepuka, pepala la ndudu, pepala lachitetezo.
3. Pepala la minofu: pepala la chimbudzi, minofu ya nkhope yolumikizidwa mwachangu kwambiri yokhala ndi zowumitsira zokhota.
4. Zopanda nsalu: nsalu yapamwamba kwambiri yopangidwa ndi nsalu yopanda ulusi.

Sikovomerezeka: bolodi lolemera la mapepala, bolodi lopangidwa ndi zingwe, kupanga mapepala olemera mofulumira kwambiri.

7. Malangizo Osankha ndi Kugwira Ntchito

(1) Mfundo Zitatu Zosankha

1. Mwa liwiro: <800 m/mphindi → sankhani nsalu yolukidwa mwathyathyathya (yotsika mtengo). ≥800 m/mphindi → nsalu yowumitsira yozungulira.
   

   1200 m/mphindi → waya wokhoma kawiri + polyester yokhazikika ndi madzi.

2. Malinga ndi mtundu wa pepala: Pepala lopyapyala (<70 g), pepala lapamwamba kwambiri → nsalu yozungulira. Pepala lolemera (>200 g) → silili loyenera. Pa zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri →nsalu yozungulira yooneka ngati ulusi (wozungulira).
3. Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo: Yoyenera makina okha omwe ali ndi makina okhazikika komanso owongolera maukonde komanso magawo owumitsira oyera.

(2) Makiyi Anayi Okonzera

1. Kulamulira kupsinjika: khalani ndi kupsinjika kokhazikika komanso kofanana.
2. Kuyeretsa: kutsuka ndi kuchotsa ma scales nthawi zonse pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi.
3. Dongosolo lotsogolera: onetsetsani kuti malangizo ndi malangizo a pa intaneti ndi okhazikika.
4. Chitetezo: pewani zinthu zakuthwa zomwe zingawononge ukonde.

8. Kuyerekeza Mwachangu: Nsalu Yowumitsira Yozungulira vs. Nsalu Yolukidwa Mwathyathyathya

9. Chidule

Nsalu yowumitsira yozungulira ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito mwamakonda kwambirizoumitsira mapepala, zokhala ndi mfundo zazikulu zakuthamanga kosalala komanso kothamanga kwambirindikhalidwe labwino kwambiri la pepalaKomabe, ili ndi zofunikira zambiri pa zida, mtengo ndi kukonza, ndipo si ya anthu onse.

Ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri pokhapokha ngati:

• liwiro la makina ≥800 m/mphindi,
• kupanga pepala lopyapyala kapena lapadera,
• yokhala ndi makina okhazikika ogwirira ntchito komanso owongolera ukonde. Kupanda kutero, nsalu yolukidwa bwino imakhala yothandiza komanso yotsika mtengo.