Mu ntchito yopanga mapepala, zipangizo zopangira (monga matabwa ndi mapepala otayira) nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zinthu zosafunika monga mchenga, miyala, chitsulo, ndi pulasitiki. Ngati sizichotsedwa munthawi yake, zinthu zosafunikazi zidzapangitsa kuti zipangizo zina ziwonongeke, zidzakhudza ubwino wa mapepala, komanso zidzapangitsa kuti ntchito yokonza isokonezeke. Monga chida chofunikira kwambiri chokonzera mapepala, cholekanitsa zinthu zotayira slag chimakhala ndi ntchito yaikulu yakulekanitsa bwino zonyansa zolemera ndi zopepuka kuchokera ku zamkatiZimapereka zamkati zoyera pa ntchito yotsatira ya zamkati ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti mzere wopanga mapepala ukugwira ntchito bwino.

I. Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito Yaikulu: Yoyendetsedwa ndi "Kusiyana kwa Kachulukidwe ndi Kulekanitsa kwa Makina"

Mfundo yolekanitsa ya cholekanitsa cha slag imachokera pa "kusiyana kwa kuchulukana pakati pa zodetsa ndi zamkati" ndipo imachotsa zodetsa m'magawo osiyanasiyana kudzera mu kapangidwe kake ka makina. Njira yayikulu yaukadaulo imakhala ndi magawo awiri:

1. Kulekanitsa Kwambiri Kodetsa: Pambuyo poti madzi alowe m'malo odyetsera zida, amayamba kulowa mu "malo olekanitsa zinthu zodetsedwa kwambiri". Mu dera ili, kuchuluka kwa madzi a madziwo kumachepa. Zinthu zodetsa zambiri monga mchenga, miyala, ndi zitsulo, zomwe zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kuposa madzi a madziwo, zimakhazikika pansi pa zida chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Kenako zimatulutsidwa nthawi zonse kudzera mu valavu yotulutsa madzi yokha kapena yamanja.
2. Kulekanitsa Kusayera Kwambiri: Zamkati, zomwe zachotsedwamo zinthu zodetsa kwambiri, zimapitirira kulowa mu "malo olekanitsa zinthu zodetsa pang'ono". Malo awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ng'oma yozungulira kapena chokokera. Zodetsa zodetsa pang'ono monga zidutswa za pulasitiki, mitolo ya ulusi, ndi fumbi, zomwe zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kochepa kuposa zamkati, zimagwidwa ndi ng'oma yotchinga kapena kukwapulidwa ndi chokokera. Pomaliza, zimasonkhanitsidwa kudzera mu chotulutsira zinthu zodetsa pang'ono, pomwe zamkati zoyera zimapita ku njira yotsatira.

II. Magawo Ofunika Kwambiri Aukadaulo: Zizindikiro Zazikulu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kugwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Kupatukana

Posankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito cholekanitsa zotulutsa slag, magawo otsatirawa ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira za mzere wopanga:

• Kutha Kukonza: Kuchuluka kwa zamkati zomwe zingathe kukonzedwa pa nthawi imodzi (nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa mu m³/h). Iyenera kufanana ndi mphamvu yopangira ya zida zopukutira za kutsogolo kuti ipewe kudzaza kwambiri kapena kuwononga mphamvu yopangira.
• Kupatukana Mwachangu: Chizindikiro chachikulu choyezera zotsatira za kuchotsa zinyalala. Kugawa bwino kwa zinyalala zolemera (monga chitsulo ndi mchenga) nthawi zambiri kumafuna ≥98%, ndipo pa zinyalala zopepuka (monga pulasitiki ndi ulusi wokhuthala) ≥90%. Kusagwira bwino ntchito kumakhudza mwachindunji kuyera ndi mphamvu ya pepalalo.
• Chitseko cha Drum Yophimba: Imazindikira kulondola kwa kulekanitsa kwa zinthu zodetsedwa ndi kuwala ndipo imasinthidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa zinthu zopangira (monga, malo otseguka a 0.5-1.5mm amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popopera mapepala otayira, ndipo amatha kukulitsidwa moyenera popopera mapepala a matabwa). Malo otseguka pang'ono kwambiri amatha kutsekeka, pomwe malo otseguka kwambiri amatha kutayikira zinthu zodetsedwa ndi kuwala.
• Kupanikizika kwa Ntchito: Kuthamanga kwa madzi mkati mwa chipangizocho (nthawi zambiri 0.1-0.3MPa). Kuthamanga kwambiri kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo, pomwe kuthamanga kochepa kwambiri kumakhudza liwiro lolekanitsa. Kulamulira bwino kudzera mu valavu yodyetsera ndikofunikira.

III. Mitundu Yodziwika: Yogawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi Kapangidwe ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Kutengera kusiyana kwa zinthu zopangira mapepala (zamkati mwa matabwa, zamkati mwa mapepala otayira) ndi mitundu yodetsedwa, zolekanitsa zotulutsa slag zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• Olekanitsa Zinthu Zodetsa Kwambiri (Osafuna): Yang'anani kwambiri pakuchotsa zinyalala zolemera. "Desander yodziwika bwino" ili ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono komanso malo ang'onoang'ono pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kupanga mizere yaying'ono ndi yapakatikati; "Desander yopingasa" ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu yokonza ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yoletsa kutsekeka, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mizere yayikulu yopangira mapepala otayira zinyalala.
• Zolekanitsa Zodetsa Zopepuka (Zolekanitsa Zotsalira): Tsindikani kuchotsa zinyalala zowala. Choyimira chachizolowezi ndi "cholekanitsa slag cha mtundu wa pressure screen", chomwe chimapatukana kudzera mu ng'oma yozungulira ya screen ndi kusiyana kwa kupanikizika, ndipo chimakhala ndi ntchito zowunikira komanso kuchotsa slag. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira zinthu zoyera monga pulp yamatabwa ndi pulp ya nsungwi; palinso "centrifugal slag separator", chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kulekanitsa zinyalala zowala ndipo ndi choyenera kuchiza pulp yokhala ndi concentration yambiri (concentration ≥3%).

IV. Kusamalira Tsiku ndi Tsiku: Chinsinsi Chokulitsa Moyo wa Zipangizo ndi Kuonetsetsa Kuti Zikugwira Ntchito Bwino

Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa cholekanitsa zotayira zinyalala kumadalira kukonza nthawi zonse. Mfundo zazikulu zosamalira ndi izi:

1. Kuyeretsa Drum Yophimba Chinsalu Kawirikawiri: Mukatseka tsiku lililonse, yang'anani ngati ng'oma yotchingira yatsekedwa. Ngati mabowo atsekedwa ndi ulusi kapena zinthu zosafunika, gwiritsani ntchito mfuti yamadzi yothamanga kwambiri kuti mutsuke kapena chida chapadera kuti muwachotse kuti mupewe kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito olekanitsa ntchito yotsatira.
2. Kuwona Kutseka kwa Ma Valves Otulutsa Zinyalala: Kutuluka kwa ma valve otulutsa mpweya wolemera komanso wopepuka kumayambitsa zinyalala zamkati ndikuchepetsa kugawikana. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kutopa kwa mipando ya ma valve sabata iliyonse ndikuyikanso ma gasket kapena ma valve owonongeka nthawi yomweyo.
3. Kupaka Mafuta kwa Zigawo Zofunika: Onjezani mafuta apadera opaka ku zigawo zosuntha za zida, monga shaft yozungulira ndi ma bearing, pamwezi kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kukangana kouma ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito.
4. Kuwunika Magawo Ogwirira Ntchito: Magawo owunikira nthawi yeniyeni monga mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito, kuthamanga, ndi mphamvu kudzera mu dongosolo lowongolera. Ngati magawo osazolowereka achitika (monga kukwera kwadzidzidzi kwa mphamvu kapena mphamvu yochulukirapo), yimitsani makina nthawi yomweyo kuti muwayang'ane kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa zida chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu.

V. Zochitika pa Kukula kwa Makampani: Kupititsa patsogolo "Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera Kwambiri ndi Luntha"

Chifukwa cha kufunika kowonjezereka kwa chitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa makampani opanga mapepala, olekanitsa zotulutsa slag akukula m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:

• Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri: Mwa kukonza kapangidwe ka njira yoyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi (monga kugwiritsa ntchito "kapangidwe ka malo awiri") ndikukweza zida za ng'oma ya sikirini (monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosatha komanso zinthu zambiri zokhala ndi mamolekyulu ambiri), magwiridwe antchito olekanitsa zinthu amawonjezeka, ndipo kutayika kwa pulp kumachepetsedwa (kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutayika kuchokera pa 3% mpaka pansi pa 1%).
• Luntha: Phatikizani masensa ndi makina owongolera a PLC kuti muzindikire kuphatikiza kwa "kuwunika kodziyimira pawokha, kusintha mwanzeru, ndi chenjezo loyambirira la zolakwika". Mwachitsanzo, yang'anirani nthawi yeniyeni kuchuluka kwa zodetsa mu pulp kudzera mu sensa yowunikira zodetsa, ndikusintha zokha kuthamanga kwa chakudya ndi kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kwa slag; ngati zida zatsekedwa kapena zigawo zalephera, makinawo amatha kuchenjeza nthawi yomweyo ndikutumiza malingaliro okonza, kuchepetsa kulowererapo pamanja ndikukweza mulingo wodziyimira pawokha wa mzere wopanga.

Pomaliza, ngakhale kuti cholekanitsa zinthu zotayira slag si chida "chofunika kwambiri" pakupanga mapepala, ndi "mwala wapangodya" wotsimikizira kukhazikika kwa njira zotsatizana ndikukweza mtundu wa mapepala. Kusankha mitundu moyenera, kuwongolera magawo, ndi kukonza bwino kungachepetse ndalama zopangira, kuchepetsa kulephera kwa zida, ndikupereka chithandizo chofunikira pakupanga bwino kwa makampani opanga mapepala.