M'makampani opanga mapepala, zida zopangira (monga matabwa ndi mapepala otayira) nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zonyansa monga mchenga, miyala, zitsulo, ndi pulasitiki. Ngati sichichotsedwa munthawi yake, zonyansazi zimafulumizitsa kuvala kwa zida zotsatila, zimakhudza mtundu wa pepala, komanso kusokoneza kupanga. Monga chida chofunikira chopangira mankhwala, cholekanitsa cha slag chili ndi ntchito yayikulukulekanitsa bwino zonyansa zolemera ndi zopepuka ku zamkati. Amapereka zamkati zoyera pazotsatira za pulping ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati ulalo wofunikira kuti atsimikizire kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa mzere wopanga mapepala.

I. Mfundo Yogwira Ntchito Yachikulu: Imayendetsedwa ndi Zonse "Kusiyana kwa Kachulukidwe ndi Kusiyanitsa Kwamakina"

Malingaliro olekanitsa olekanitsa otulutsa slag amatengera "kusiyana kwa kachulukidwe pakati pa zonyansa ndi zamkati" ndipo amakwaniritsa kuchotsedwa kwachidebe chopangidwa ndi makina ake. Njira yayikulu yaukadaulo imakhala ndi njira ziwiri:

1. Kulekanitsa Chidetso Cholemera: Zamkati zikalowa kudzera pa doko la chakudya cha zida, zimayamba kulowa mu "malo olekanitsa zonyansa kwambiri". M'dera lino, kuthamanga kwa zamkati kumachepa. Zonyansa zolemera monga mchenga, miyala, ndi zitsulo zachitsulo, zomwe zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kuposa zamkati, zimakhazikika mofulumira pansi pa zipangizo chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Kenako amatulutsidwa pafupipafupi kudzera mu valavu yotulutsa yokha kapena yamanja ya slag.
2. Kupatukana kwa Chidetso Chowala: Zamkati, zomwe zonyansa zolemera zachotsedwa, zikupitiriza kulowa "malo olekanitsa zonyansa zowala". Malowa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ng'oma yozungulira yozungulira kapena scraper. Zonyansa zopepuka ngati zidutswa zapulasitiki, mitolo ya ulusi, ndi fumbi, zomwe zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kuposa zamkati, zimalandidwa ndi ng'oma yotchinga kapena kuchotsedwa ndi chofufutira. Potsirizira pake, amasonkhanitsidwa kudzera m'chimbudzi cha kuwala, pamene zamkati zoyera zimapita ku njira ina.

II. Zofunikira Zaumisiri: Zizindikiro Zazikulu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kuchita Zolekanitsa

Posankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito cholekanitsa cha slag, magawo otsatirawa ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira za mzere wopanga:

• Kuthekera kwa Ntchito: Kuchuluka kwa zamkati zomwe zingasinthidwe pa nthawi ya unit (nthawi zambiri zimayezedwa m³/h). Iyenera kufananiza mphamvu yopangira zida zakutsogolo kuti zipewe kulemetsa kapena kuwononga mphamvu zopangira.
• Kulekana Mwachangu: Chizindikiro chachikulu choyezera zotsatira zochotsa zonyansa. Kulekanitsa bwino kwa zonyansa zolemera (monga zitsulo ndi mchenga) nthawi zambiri zimafunikira ≥98%, komanso zonyansa zopepuka (monga pulasitiki ndi ulusi wolimba) ≥90%. Kuchita bwino kosakwanira kudzakhudza mwachindunji kuyera ndi mphamvu ya pepala.
• Screen Drum Aperture: Imatsimikizira kulekanitsa kulondola kwa zonyansa zopepuka ndipo imasinthidwa molingana ndi mtundu wazinthu zopangira (mwachitsanzo, pobowo wa 0.5-1.5mm imagwiritsidwa ntchito popopera zinyalala, ndipo imatha kukulitsidwa moyenerera pakupopera kwamitengo yamatabwa). Kabowo kakang'ono kwambiri kumakonda kutsekeka, pomwe kabowo kakang'ono kwambiri kumapangitsa kutayikira kwa zonyansa zopepuka.
• Kupanikizika kwa Ntchito: Kuthamanga kothamanga kwa zamkati mkati mwa zipangizo (nthawi zambiri 0.1-0.3MPa). Kuthamanga kwambiri kungayambitse zida kuvala, pamene kutsika kwambiri kumakhudza kuthamanga kwa kulekana. Kuwongolera molondola kudzera mu valavu ya chakudya ndikofunikira.

III. Mitundu Yodziwika: Yosankhidwa ndi Kapangidwe ndi Kagwiritsidwe

Kutengera kusiyana kwa zida zopangira mapepala (zamatabwa, zamkati zamapepala) ndi mitundu yonyansa, zolekanitsa zotulutsa za slag zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• Olekanitsa Zonyansa Kwambiri (Desanders): Limbikitsani kuchotsa zonyansa zolemera. Wamba "vertical desander" ali ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika ndi malo ang'onoang'ono apansi, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera mizere yaying'ono ndi yapakatikati yopanga; "Horizontal desander" ili ndi mphamvu yokulirapo yopangira mphamvu komanso mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kutsekeka, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamizere yayikulu yopangira zinyalala zamapepala.
• Olekanitsa Zonyansa Zowala (Zolekanitsa za Slag): Tsindikani kuchotsedwa kwa zonyansa zopepuka. Woyimira wodziwika bwino ndi "pressure screen type slag separator", yomwe imakwaniritsa kulekanitsa kudzera pa ng'oma yozungulira yozungulira komanso kusiyana kwapanikizidwe, ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito zowunikira komanso kuchotsa slag. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zoyera monga zamkati zamatabwa ndi nsungwi zamkati; palinso "centrifugal slag separator", yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kuti ilekanitse zonyansa zowala ndipo ndizoyenera kuchiza zamkati zamkati (concentration ≥3%).

IV. Kusamalira Tsiku ndi Tsiku: Chinsinsi Chokulitsa Moyo Wazida ndi Kuwonetsetsa Kuchita Bwino

Ntchito yokhazikika ya olekanitsa otulutsa slag amadalira kukonza nthawi zonse. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zokonzetsera ndi:

1. Kuyeretsa Kwanthawi Zonse kwa Drum ya Screen: Pambuyo potseka tsiku ndi tsiku, onani ngati ng'oma yotchinga yatsekedwa. Ngati ma apertures atsekedwa ndi ulusi kapena zonyansa, gwiritsani ntchito mfuti yamadzi yothamanga kwambiri kuti mutsuke kapena chida chapadera kuti muwachotsere kuti musasokoneze kulekanitsa kwa ntchito yotsatira.
2. Kuyang'ana Kusindikiza kwa Mavavu a Slag Discharge+ Ndikoyenera kuyang'ana kuvala kwa mipando ya valve sabata iliyonse ndikusintha ma gaskets kapena ma valve owonongeka panthawi yake.
3. Mafuta Ofunika Kwambiri: Onjezani mafuta odzola apadera pazigawo zosuntha za zida, monga shaft yozungulira ndi mayendedwe, pamwezi kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kukangana kowuma ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki.
4. Monitoring Operating Parameters: Zoyang'anira zenizeni zenizeni monga mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito, kupanikizika, ndi zamakono kudzera mu dongosolo lolamulira. Ngati zizindikiro zachilendo zimachitika (monga kuwonjezereka kwadzidzidzi kapena kuwonjezereka kwamakono), imitsani makina nthawi yomweyo kuti awonedwe kuti apewe kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo chifukwa chodzaza kwambiri.

V. Zochitika Zachitukuko cha Makampani: Kukwezera Kupita ku "Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri ndi Luntha"

Ndi kuchuluka kwa zofunikira pakuteteza chilengedwe komanso kuchita bwino pantchito yopanga mapepala, zolekanitsa zotulutsa slag zikukula m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:

• Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri: Mwa kukhathamiritsa kamangidwe ka njira yoyendetsera (mwachitsanzo, kutengera "dual-zone diversion structure") ndikukweza ng'oma yotchinga (mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakanizidwa ndi zinthu zophatikizika ndi mamolekyulu apamwamba), kupatukana kumapitilizidwa bwino, ndipo kutayika kwa zamkati kumachepetsedwa (kuchepetsa kutayika kuchokera ku 3% mpaka pansi pa 1%).
• Luntha: Phatikizani masensa ndi dongosolo lolamulira la PLC kuti muzindikire kuphatikizika kwa "kuwunika modzidzimutsa, kusintha mwanzeru, ndi kuchenjeza koyambirira". Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yeniyeni kuyang'anira zonyansa zili mu zamkati kudzera mu sensa ndende yonyansa, ndikusintha zokha kupanikizika kwa chakudya ndi kutulutsa kwa slag pafupipafupi; ngati zida zatsekedwa kapena zigawo zikulephera, dongosololi limatha nthawi yomweyo kuchenjeza ndi kutumiza malingaliro okonza, kuchepetsa kulowererapo kwamanja ndikuwongolera mulingo wodzipangira wa mzere wopanga.

Pomaliza, ngakhale kuti slag discharge separator sizinthu "zoyambira" kwambiri pamzere wopangira mapepala, ndi "mwala wapangodya" wotsimikizira kukhazikika kwa njira zotsatila ndikuwongolera mapepala apamwamba. Kusankha koyenera kwa mitundu, kuwongolera magawo, ndi kukonza moyenera kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira, kuchepetsa kulephera kwa zida, ndikupereka chithandizo chofunikira pakupangira bwino kwamabizinesi opanga mapepala.