Kusankha feli yoyenera ya makina a mapepala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakutsimikizira kuti mapepala ndi abwino komanso kuti apangidwe bwino. Nazi mfundo zofunika kuziganizira posankha, ndikulemera kwa pepalakukhala chofunikira chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a felt.
1. Kulemera kwa Maziko a Pepala ndi Grammage
Kulemera kwa pepala kumatanthauza mwachindunji zofunikira za felt pa kunyamula katundu ndi zovuta za kuchotsa madzi.
- Mapepala olemera pang'ono(monga minofu, pepala losindikizira lopepuka): Lopyapyala, lolimba pang'ono, komanso losweka mosavuta.
- Amafuna ma felts omwe alimawonekedwe ofewandipamwamba posalalakuchepetsa kuwonongeka ndi kuphwanyika kwa ukonde wa pepala.
- Felts ayenera kukhala nazompweya wabwino wolowerakuonetsetsa kuti madzi akuchotsedwa mwachangu komanso kupewa kupsinjika kwambiri kwa ukonde.
- Mapepala olemera kwambiri(monga bolodi la mapepala, mapepala apadera): Ndi yokhuthala, yokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, komanso yokhazikika bwino.
- Amafuna ma felts ndikapangidwe kokhazikikandikukana bwino kwambiri kwa psinjikakupirira kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwa mzere.
- Felts ayenera kukhala nazomphamvu yokwanira yosungira madzindikuyendetsa bwino madzikuti achotse bwino madzi ambiri.
2. Mtundu wa Pepala ndi Zofunikira pa Ubwino
Mapepala osiyanasiyana amafuna zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofewa.
- Pepala la Chikhalidwe/Kusindikiza: Zofunikira zazikulu zakusalala kwa pamwambandikufanana.
- Ma felt ayenera kukhalapamwamba pabwinondiwoyerakuti musasiye mabowo kapena madontho pa pepala.
- Pepala Lolongedza/Bolodi Lapepala: Zofunikira zazikulu zamphamvundikuuma, ndi kufunikira kochepa kwa kusalala kwa pamwamba.
- Ma felt ayenera kukhalayosatha kuthandiyokhazikika bwinokupirira kukanikiza kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kwamphamvu kwambiri.
- Pepala la Tishu: Zofunikira zazikulu zakufewandikuyamwa.
- Ma Felts ayenera kukhalamawonekedwe ofewandikutayika kochepa kwa ulusikuonetsetsa kuti pepalalo likuwoneka bwino komanso loyera.
3. Magawo a Makina a Mapepala
Magawo ogwirira ntchito a makina a pepala amakhudza mwachindunji moyo wa felt komanso magwiridwe antchito ake.
- Liwiro la Makina: Ma felt ofunikira kwambiri omwe ali ndi liwiro lapamwambakukana kuvala, kukana kutopandikukhazikika.
- Makina othamanga kwambiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchitoma felt obowoledwa ndi singanochifukwa cha kapangidwe kawo kokhazikika komanso kukana kusintha.
- Mtundu wa Press:
- Kukanikiza Kwachizolowezi: Imafuna ma felts abwinokukana kupsinjikandikusinthasintha.
- Kukanikiza Vacuum/Kukanikiza Nsapato: Ma Felts ayenera kukhala abwino kwambirimpweya wolowerandi kugwirizana ndi mbale ya nsapato.
- Kukanikiza nsapato, makamaka, kumafuna ma felt okhala ndimadzi abwino kwambiri otuluka mbali imodzindikukana kukakamizidwa kosatha.
- Kupanikizika kwa LinearKupanikizika kwakukulu kwa mzere mu gawo la atolankhani kumafuna ma felt okhala ndi zowonjezerakukana kuthamanga, mphamvu ya kapangidwe kakendikukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe.
4. Katundu wa Felt
Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi mankhwala a felt yokha ndiye mfundo zazikulu pakusankha.
- Mtundu wa Kapangidwe:
- Ma Felt Olukidwa: Kapangidwe kokhazikika, nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, yoyenera makina othamanga pang'ono, otakata kapena omwe amapanga bolodi lolemera kwambiri.
- Ma Felt Obowoledwa ndi Singano: Yotanuka, yopumira, komanso yosavuta kuyiyika, iyi ndi mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yoyenera makina othamanga kwambiri.
- Kapangidwe ka Nsalu Yoyambira:
- Nsalu yoyambira yokhala ndi gawo limodzi: Yotsika mtengo, yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopepuka komanso mwachangu.
- Nsalu yoyambira iwiri/yokhala ndi zigawo zingapo: Mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu, zimatha kupirira kuthamanga kwambiri kwa mzere, zoyenera makina olemera kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri.
- Zinthu Zofunika:
- Ubweya: Kutanuka kwabwino, kuyamwa chinyezi chambiri, malo ofewa, koma okwera mtengo komanso osagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.
- Nayiloni: Kulimba kwambiri, kulimba kwambiri, komanso kusinthasintha kwabwino—zinthu zazikulu zopangira ma felt obowoledwa ndi singano.
- Polyester: Yolimba kutentha kwambiri, yoyenera magawo owuma kapena malo otentha kwambiri.
- Kutha kwa Mpweya ndi Kukhuthala:
- Kulowa kwa mpweya kuyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa pepala ndi liwiro la makina kuti zitsimikizire kuti madzi akuchotsedwa bwino.
- Kukhuthala kumakhudza mphamvu ya felt yosunga madzi komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito popondereza.
5. Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito ndi Kukonza
- Moyo wa Utumiki: Zokhudzana mwachindunji ndi nthawi yopuma komanso ndalama zosinthira.
- Zosowa Zokonza: Kuyeretsa kosavuta komanso kukana zinthu zomwe zasungidwa kumakhudza ndalama zogwirira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Mtengo Wonse wa UmwiniGanizirani mtengo wogulira, nthawi yogwirira ntchito, ndi ndalama zokonzera kuti musankhe njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-20-2025