Common Raw Materials mu Kupanga Mapepala: A Comprehensive Guide

Kupanga mapepala ndi ntchito yolemekezeka kwa nthawi yomwe imadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti apange mapepala omwe timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchokera ku nkhuni kupita ku pepala lokonzedwanso, chinthu chilichonse chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe amakhudza ubwino ndi ntchito ya pepala lomaliza. Mu bukhuli, tiwona zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala, mawonekedwe ake a ulusi, zokolola za zamkati, ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Wood: Chokhazikika Chachikhalidwe

Wood ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala, zomwe zili ndi magulu awiri akuluakulu: matabwa ofewa ndi olimba.

Softwood

• Utali wa Fiber: Nthawi zambiri zimayambira 2.5 mpaka 4.5 mm.
• Zokolola za Pulp: Pakati pa 45% ndi 55%.
• Makhalidwe: Ulusi wa Softwood ndi wautali komanso wosinthasintha, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kupanga mapepala apamwamba kwambiri. Kukhoza kwawo kupanga zolumikizira zolimba kumabweretsa mapepala okhala ndi kulimba kwambiri komanso kulimba kolimba. Izi zimapangitsa softwood kukhala zopangira zopangira mapepala olembera, mapepala osindikizira, ndi zida zonyamula zamphamvu kwambiri.

Mitengo yolimba

• Utali wa FiberKutalika: 1.0 mpaka 1.7 mm.
• Zokolola za Pulp: Nthawi zambiri 40% mpaka 50%.
• Makhalidwe: Ulusi wa hardwood ndi wamfupi poyerekeza ndi softwood. Ngakhale amapanga mapepala okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi zamkati za softwood kuti apange mapepala osindikizira apakati mpaka otsika komanso mapepala a minofu.

Zida Zaulimi ndi Zomera

Pamwamba pa matabwa, zinthu zambiri zaulimi ndi zomera ndizofunika kwambiri popanga mapepala, zomwe zimapereka kukhazikika komanso zotsika mtengo.

Mapesi a Udzu ndi Tirigu

• Utali wa Fiber: Pafupifupi 1.0 mpaka 2.0 mm.
• Zokolola za Pulp30% mpaka 40%.
• Makhalidwe: Izi ndizopezeka kwambiri komanso zotsika mtengo. Ngakhale kuti zokolola zawo sizokwera kwambiri, ndizoyenera kupanga mapepala a chikhalidwe ndi mapepala oyikapo.

Bamboo

• Utali wa FiberKutalika: 1.5 mpaka 3.5 mm.
• Zokolola za Pulp: 40% mpaka 50%.
• Makhalidwe: Ulusi wa nsungwi uli ndi katundu pafupi ndi matabwa, ndi mphamvu zabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, nsungwi imakhala ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono komanso kakusinthikanso kolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunikira m'malo mwa nkhuni. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mapepala a chikhalidwe ndi mapepala.

Bagase

• Utali wa Fiber0.5 mpaka 2.0 mm.
• Zokolola za Pulp35% mpaka 55%.
• Makhalidwe: Monga zinyalala zaulimi, bagasse ndi chuma chambiri. Utali wake wa ulusi umasiyana kwambiri, koma ukatha kukonzedwa, ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapepala oyikapo ndi mapepala.

Pepala Lotayirira: Kusankha Kokhazikika

Pepala lotayirira limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pachuma chozungulira chamakampani opanga mapepala.

• Utali wa Fiberkuchokera 0.7 mpaka 2.5 mm. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi mu pepala zinyalala za ofesi ndi zazifupi, zozungulira 1 mm, pomwe zapapepala zina zotayira zimatha kukhala zazitali.
• Zokolola za Pulp: Zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu, mtundu, ndi ukadaulo wokonza mapepala otaya, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 60% mpaka 85%. Zotengera zakale za malata (OCC) zimatha kukhala ndi zokolola zapakati pa 75% mpaka 85% pambuyo pa chithandizo choyenera, pomwe mapepala osakanikirana amaofesi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zokolola za 60% mpaka 70%.
• Makhalidwe: Kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala otayira ngati zopangira ndikokolera zachilengedwe komanso kumabweretsa zokolola zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala obwezerezedwanso ndi malata, zomwe zimathandizira kusungitsa zinthu komanso kuchepetsa zinyalala.

Key Processing Notes

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ma pulping amasiyanasiyana pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.Mitengo, nsungwi, udzu, ndi mapesi a tirigu zimafunika kuphikapa pulping. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena kutentha kwambiri ndi kukakamiza kuchotsa zinthu zopanda ulusi monga lignin ndi hemicellulose, kuonetsetsa kuti ulusiwo walekanitsidwa ndikukonzekera kupanga mapepala.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zinyalala pepala pulping sikutanthauza kuphika. M'malo mwake, imakhudzanso njira monga kuyika ndi kuyesa kuchotsa zonyansa ndikukonzekera ulusi kuti ugwiritsidwenso ntchito.

Kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zopangira izi zimapangidwira ndizofunikira kuti opanga mapepala asankhe zinthu zoyenera pazogulitsa zawo, kusanja bwino, mtengo wake, komanso kukhazikika. Kaya ndi kulimba kwa ulusi wa softwood kapena kuyanjana kwa eco kwa mapepala otayika, zopangira zilizonse zimathandizira mwapadera kumitundu yosiyanasiyana yamapepala.