Kugawa ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Felt a Makina a Pepala

Ma felt a makina a mapepala ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga mapepala, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa mapepala, momwe amapangira bwino, komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Kutengera ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana—monga malo awo pa makina a mapepala, njira yolukira, kapangidwe ka nsalu yoyambira, mtundu woyenera wa mapepala, ndi ntchito yake—ma felt a makina a mapepala amatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo, iliyonse ili ndi makhalidwe ndi zolinga zapadera.

1. Kugawa Magulu Potengera Malo pa Makina a Pepala

Ili ndiye gulu lofunika kwambiri, makamaka kutengera komwe felt ili mkati mwa njira yopangira mapepala:

• Kunyowa: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu gawo la atolankhani, imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi ukonde wa mapepala onyowa omwe angopangidwa kumene. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutulutsa madzi mu ukonde kudzera mu kupanikizika ndikuyeretsa pamwamba pa pepala poyamba.
• Chovala Chapamwamba: Ili pamwamba pa chofewa chonyowa, ndipo malo ena amakhudza masilinda oumitsira. Kuwonjezera pa kuthandiza kuchotsa madzi m'thupi, imatsogolera ukonde wa pepala, kuichepetsa, ndikufulumizitsa kuumitsa.
• Choumitsira Chouma: Imakulungidwa kwambiri ndi masilinda oumitsira, imasita ndikuumitsa pepalalo ikakanikiza, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuuma.

2. Kugawa m'magulu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoluka

Njira yolukira imatsimikizira kapangidwe koyambira ka felt ndi mawonekedwe ake ogwirira ntchito:

• Chovala Cholukidwa: Yopangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wosakaniza wa ubweya ndi ulusi wa nayiloni, kutsatiridwa ndi njira zachikhalidwe monga kuluka, kudzaza, kugona, kuumitsa, ndi kukhazikitsa. Ili ndi kapangidwe kokhazikika komanso nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito.
• Chovala Chobowoledwa ndi Singano: Nsalu yosalukidwa yopangidwa ndi ulusi wopindika kukhala ukonde, wolumikizana zigawo zingapo, kenako pogwiritsa ntchito singano zachitsulo chopingasa kuti ziboole ukonde wa ulusi mu nsalu yopanda malire, zomwe zimakoka ulusiwo. Ma felt obowoledwa ndi singano amapereka mpweya wabwino kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makina amakono a mapepala.

3. Kugawa Magulu Kutengera Kapangidwe ka Nsalu

Nsalu yoyambira imathandizira kapangidwe ka felt, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakhudza mwachindunji kukhazikika ndi kulimba kwa felt:

• Chovala Chokhala ndi Nsalu Chokhala ndi Gawo Limodzi: Yosavuta kupanga komanso yotsika mtengo, yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala omwe alibe mtundu woyenera.
• Nsalu Yokhala ndi Maziko Awiri: Yopangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri zapamwamba ndi zapansi pa nsalu, ili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukhazikika kwa kukula kwake, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ipirire kupsinjika kwakukulu ndi kupsinjika.
• Nsalu Yopangidwa ndi Laminated Base Felt: Amagawidwa m'magulu monga 1+1, 1+2, 2+1, ndi 1+1+1 kutengera kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa nsalu zomangira zomata. Mtundu uwu umaphatikiza ubwino wa zigawo zosiyanasiyana kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zovuta komanso zogwira ntchito bwino za njira zopangira mapepala apamwamba.

4. Kugawa Magulu Kutengera Giredi Yoyenera ya Pepala

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapepala imapereka zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pa ntchito ya felt:

• Chovala Chopaka Mapepala: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zolongedza monga mapepala opangidwa ndi zidebe ndi bolodi la zidebe. Amafunika kulimba kwambiri komanso mphamvu yonyamula katundu.
• Chikhalidwe Chovala Papepala: Yoyenera kusindikizidwa papepala, mapepala olembera, ndi mapepala osindikizira, zomwe zimafuna kusalala bwino komanso kufanana kwa pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, felt iyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri pamwamba komanso mphamvu yochotsera madzi.
• Pepala Lapadera: Yopangidwira njira zapadera zopangira mapepala apadera (monga pepala losefera, pepala loteteza kutentha, pepala lokongoletsera). Nthawi zambiri imafuna zinthu zapadera monga kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, kapena kulola mpweya kulowa.
• Chigoba cha Tissue Paper: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapepala a chimbudzi, zopukutira m'manja, ndi zina zotero. Ayenera kukhala ofewa kuti pepalalo likhale lolimba komanso lonyowa.

5. Kugawa Magulu ndi Ntchito Yeniyeni

M'magawo enaake a makina opangira mapepala, ma felt amagawidwanso m'magawo ena malinga ndi ntchito zawo:

• Ma Felt a Gawo la PressZitsanzo zikuphatikizapo "first press top felt," "first press bottom felt," ndi "vacuum press felt," zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ma press roll osiyanasiyana ndi malo opangira mu gawo la press.
• Kupanga Ma Felts a Gawo: Monga "kupanga felt" ndi "felt yosamutsa," makamaka yomwe imayang'anira kuthandizira ndi kutumiza ukonde wa pepala.
• Zovala Zokonzekera KukanikizaZitsanzo zikuphatikizapo "prepress top felt" ndi "vacuum prepress top felt," yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa madzi ndi kupanga ukonde wa pepala usanalowe mu makina akuluakulu osindikizira.

Mwachidule, ma felt a makina a mapepala amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, iliyonse yopangidwira zolinga ndi ntchito zinazake. Kumvetsetsa magulu awa kumathandiza opanga mapepala kusankha felt yoyenera kutengera zosowa zopangira, motero kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito komanso mtundu wa pepala.